Two to four weeks after exposure to HIV, early symptoms like fever, rashes, sore throat, or swollen lymph nodes may appear. Many mistake these HIV symptoms for the flu. If you notice unusual signs, don’t wait. HIV testing during this window can lead to early diagnosis and faster access to HIV treatment.
In the acute stage, HIV is multiplying very quickly and spreading throughout the body. One of its main targets is the immune system, especially the CD4 cells – also called CD4 T lymphocytes – which are crucial for fighting infections. As the virus attacks and destroys these cells, the immune system becomes weaker.
At the same time, the amount of HIV in the blood, called the viral load, is extremely high. This makes a person much more likely to pass the virus on to others without realizing it.
Because the virus is moving so fast inside the body and the immune system is just starting to respond, catching HIV at this stage through testing is critical for early treatment and for preventing further transmission.